Comparative sequence analysis of the complete set of 40S ribosomal proteins in the Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup) and Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) (Teleostei: Pleuronectiformes): phylogeny and tissue- and development-specific expression

Background: Ribosomal proteins (RPs) are key components of ribosomes, the cellular organelle responsible for protein biosynthesis in cells. Their levels can vary as a function of organism growth and development; however, some RPs have been associated with other cellular processes or extraribosomal functions. Their high representation in cDNA libraries has resulted in the increase of RP sequences available from different organisms and their proposal as appropriate molecular markers for phylogenetic analysis. Results: The development of large-scale genomics of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) and Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus), two commercially important flatfish species, has made possible the identification and systematic analysis of the complete set of RP sequences for the small (40S) ribosome subunit. Amino acid sequence comparisons showed a high similarity both between these two flatfish species and with respect to other fish and human. EST analysis revealed the existence of two and four RPS27 genes in Senegalese sole and Atlantic halibut, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis clustered RPS27 in two separate clades with their fish and mammalian counterparts. Steady-state transcript levels for eight RPs (RPS2, RPS3a, RPS15, RPS27-1, RPS27-2, RPS27a, RPS28, and RPS29) in sole were quantitated during larval development and in tissues, using a real-time PCR approach. All eight RPs exhibited different expression patterns in tissues with the lowest levels in brain. On the contrary, RP transcripts increased co-ordinately after first larval feeding reducing progressively during the metamorphic process. Conclusion: The genomic resources and knowledge developed in this survey will provide new insights into the evolution of Pleuronectiformes. Expression data will contribute to a better understanding of RP functions in fish, especially the mechanisms that govern growth and development in larvae, with implications in aquaculture.Peer reviewed: YesNRC publication: Ye

Molecular characterization, gene expression and dependence on thyroid hormones of two type I keratin genes (sseKer1 and sseKer2) in the flatfish Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup)

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Keratins make up the largest subgroup of intermediate filaments, and, in chordates, represent the most abundant proteins in epithelial cells. They have been associated with a wide range of functions in the cell, but little information is still available about their expression profile and regulation during flatfish metamorphosis. Senegalese sole (<it>Solea senegalensis</it>) is a commercially important flatfish in which no keratin gene has been described yet.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The development of large-scale genomics of Senegalese sole has facilitated the identification of two different type I keratin genes referred to as <it>sseKer1 </it>and <it>sseKer2</it>. Main characteristics and sequence identities with other fish and mammal keratins are described. Phylogenetic analyses grouped sseKer1 and sseKer2 in a significant clade with other teleost epidermal type I keratins, and have allowed for the identification of sseKer2 as a novel keratin. The expression profile of both genes was studied during larval development and in tissues using a real-time approach. <it>sseKer1 </it>and <it>sseKer2 </it>mRNA levels were significantly higher in skin than in other tissues examined. During metamorphosis, <it>sseKer1 </it>transcripts increased significantly at first stages, and reduced thereafter. In contrast, <it>sseKer2 </it>mRNA levels did not change during early metamorphosis although a significant drop at metamorphosis climax and late metamorphosis was also detected. To study the possible regulation of <it>sseKer </it>gene expressions by thyroid hormones (THs), larvae were exposed to the goitrogen thiourea (TU). TU-treated larvae exhibited higher <it>sseKer1 </it>and <it>sseKer2 </it>mRNA levels than untreated control at both 11 and 15 days after treatment. Moreover, addition of exogenous T4 hormone to TU-treated larvae restored or even reduced the steady-state levels with respect to the untreated control, demonstrating that expression of both genes is negatively regulated by THs.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We have identified two keratin genes, referred to as <it>sseKer1 </it>and <it>sseKer2</it>, in Senegalese sole. Phylogenetic analyses revealed sseKer2 as a novel keratin. Although they exhibit different expression patterns during larval development, both of them are negatively regulated by THs. The co-regulation by THs could explain the reduction of both keratin transcripts after the metamorphosis climax, suggesting their role in the tissue remodelling processes that occur during metamorphosis.</p

Understanding pseudo-albinism in sole (Solea senegalensis): a transcriptomics and metagenomics approach

Pseudo-albinism is a pigmentation disorder observed in flatfish aquaculture with a complex, multi-factor aetiology. We tested the hypothesis that pigmentation abnormalities are an overt signal of more generalised modifications in tissue structure and function, using as a model the Senegalese sole and two important innate immune barriers, the skin and intestine, and their microbiomes. Stereological analyses in pseudo-albino sole revealed a significantly increased mucous cell number in skin (P < 0.001) and a significantly thicker muscle layer and lamina propria in gut (P < 0.001). RNA-seq transcriptome analysis of the skin and gut identified 573 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs, FDR < 0.05) between pseudo-albino and pigmented soles (one pool/tissue from 4 individuals/phenotype). DETs were mainly linked to pigment production, skin structure and regeneration and smooth muscle contraction. The microbiome (16 S rRNA analysis) was highly diverse in pigmented and pseudo-albino skin but in gut had low complexity and diverged between the two pigmentation phenotypes. Quantitative PCR revealed significantly lower loads of Mycoplasma (P < 0.05) and Vibrio bacteria (P < 0.01) in pseudo-albino compared to the control. The study revealed that pseudo-albinism in addition to pigmentation changes was associated with generalised changes in the skin and gut structure and a modification in the gut microbiome.Agência financiadora H2020 European Funds MSCA-RISE project 691102 Portuguese national funds from FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology UID/Multi/04326/2019 Portuguese national funds from the operational programme CRESC Algarve 2020 EMBRC. PT ALG-01-0145-FEDER-022121 Portuguese national funds from the operational programme COMPETE 2020 EMBRC. PT ALG-01-0145-FEDER-022121 European Union (EU) 654008 Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) SFRH/BPD/84033/2012 Portuguese Institute for Employment and Vocational Training 0068/ET/18info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A extensão será política ou não será: algumas reflexões sobre as potencialidades e dificuldades de práticas militantes e extensionistas nas prisões santafesinas

El presente artículo se propone recuperar una serie de problematizaciones en torno a las prácticas de extensión realizadas en cárceles del sur de la provincia de Santa Fe por parte de un conjunto de actores y actrices externos al servicio penitenciario con doble pertenencia: la de ser parte de un Colectivo militante, político y cultural e integrantes de un Programa de educación en cárceles perteneciente a la Secretaria de Extensión de la Facultad de Ciencia Política y RRII de la Universidad Nacional de Rosario (Argentina). Para ello, realizaremos una historización de los procesos de intervención extensionistas en contextos de encierro, recuperando sus orígenes como prácticas políticas militantes y tensionándolos con los procesos de institucionalización que les procedieron. En ese sentido, instalaremos una serie de interrogantes acerca de los límites, las limitaciones, las potencialidades y dificultades de producir prácticas que sitúan a la extensión en su carácter eminentemente político y transformador de las realidades sociales en las que actúa. La propuesta será recuperar los trazos de una experiencia extensionista cuya característica es hacer interactuar la lógica de la militancia política con procesos de institucionalización que emergen tácticamente como respuesta a los procesos expulsivos de la prisión.The present article proposes to recover a series of problematizations around the extension practices carried out in prisons in the south of the province of Santa Fe by a group of actors and actresses outside the penitentiary service with a double belonging: to be part of a militant, political and cultural Collective and members of a Prison Education Program belonging to the Extension Secretariat of the Faculty of Political Science and International Relations of the National University of Rosario (Argentina). For this, we will historicize the extension intervention processes in confinement contexts, recovering their origins as militant political practices and stressing them with the processes of institutionalization that proceeded to them. In that sense, we will install a series of questions about of the limits, limitations, potentialities and difficulties of producing practices that place extension in its eminently political character and transforming the social realities in which it operates. The proposal will be to recover the strokes of an extensionist experience whose characteristic is to make the logic of political militancy interact with processes of institutionalization that emerge tactically as a response to the expulsion processes of the prison.Este artigo tem como objetivo recuperar uma série de problematizações em torno das práticas de extensão realizadas em prisões no sul da província de Santa Fé por um conjunto de atores e atrizes externos ao serviço penitenciário com dupla pertença: fazer parte de uma Grupo militante, político e cultural e integrantes de um programa de educação prisional pertencente à Secretaria de Extensão da Faculdade de Ciências Políticas e RRII da Universidade Nacional de Rosário (Argentina). Para isso, realizase uma historicização dos processos de intervenção de extensão em contextos de prisão, recuperando suas origens como práticas políticas militantes e ressaltando-as com os processos de institucionalização que seguiram. Nesse sentido, instala-se assim uma série de questões sobre os limites, limitações, potencialidades e dificuldades de produção de práticas que colocam a extensão em seu caráter eminentemente político e transformam as realidades sociais nas quais ela opera. A proposta será recuperar os vestígios de uma experiência de extensão cuja característica é interagir a lógica da militância política com processos de institucionalização que surgem taticamente como resposta expulsivos da prisão.Fil: Manchado, Mauricio Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales; ArgentinaFil: Castillo, Rodrigo Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Humanidades y Artes. Centro de Est.espacio Memoria E Identidad; Argentin

Short- and long-term effects on growth and expression patterns in response to incubation temperatures in Senegalese sole

In this study, the short- and long-term effects of embryo incubation temperatures (16, 18 and 20 °C) on development and growth of the flatfish Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) was determined by investigating the expression patterns of the epigenetic regulators DNA methyltransferases (dnmt) and histone 3 (H3) and genes belonging to the retinoic acid (RA), insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axes. Results indicated that egg incubation temperature affected embryo development, but not survival, and incubation at 16 °C significantly delayed development. Coincident with these effects, levels of muscle-specific dnmt3aa transcripts and histone H3 protein levels were significantly different between the 16 and 20 °C groups at hatch. The larvae from eggs incubated at 20 °C relative to the 16 °C group had significantly higher transcript levels of four genes belonging to the HPT axis (trhr1a, tshr, thrb and dio2), four genes of the RA axis (aldh1a2, cyp26a1, rara2, rarg), igfbp1 and the glycolytic enzyme gapdh2. Taken together the data suggest that higher egg incubation temperatures enhance energy production, which accelerates cell proliferation and larval development and that hatching is a key moment for the regulation of epigenetic mechanisms. Long-term effects of egg and larval incubation temperatures were revealed by a higher mRNA abundance of the thyroid-related genes tgb and tpo and the RA degrading enzyme cyp26a1 in pre- and metamorphic larvae when they were incubated at 20 °C as embryos and may be related to the earlier initiation of metamorphosis in the pelagic larval stages. Evaluation of growth in pelagic larvae and juveniles after weaning (one trial from 42 to 119 and another from 164 to 247 days post-hatch using a longitudinal approach) revealed that juveniles from embryos incubated at 20 °C had a higher growth rate. All these data demonstrate that the thermal regime during embryogenesis modulated mechanisms that regulate larval plasticity and caused imprinting evident in juvenile sole as persistent changes in key endocrinological pathways and growth performance.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

The APC/C cofactor Cdh1 prevents replicative stress and p53-dependent cell death in neural progenitors

The E3-ubiquitin ligase APC/C-Cdh1 is essential for endoreduplication but its relevance in the mammalian mitotic cell cycle is still unclear. Here we show that genetic ablation of Cdh1 in the developing nervous system results in hypoplastic brain and hydrocephalus. These defects correlate with enhanced levels of Cdh1 substrates and increased entry into the S phase in neural progenitors. However, cell division is prevented in the absence of Cdh1 due to hyperactivation of cyclin-dependent kinases, replicative stress, induction of p53, G2 arrest and apoptotic death of these progenitor cells. Concomitant ablation of p53 rescues apoptosis but not replicative stress, resulting in the presence of damaged neurons throughout the adult brain. These data indicate that the inactivation of Cdh1 in vivo results in replicative stress, cell cycle arrest and cell death, supporting recent therapeutic proposals aimed to inhibit the APC/C in tumours.M.E. was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO). This work was funded by grants from the Foundation Ramón Areces and MINECO SAF2012-38215 to M.M.). The Cell Division and Cancer Group of the CNIO are supported by the OncoCycle Programme (S2010/BMD-2470) from the Comunidad de Madrid, the OncoBIO Consolider-Ingenio 2010 Programme (MINECO, CSD2007-00017) and the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (MitoSys project; HEALTH-F5-2010-241548).Peer Reviewe

Gene mapping in the karyotype of Solea senegalensis using BAC clones

The Senegalese sole is one of the most highly valued commercial species in Southern Europe; it has attracted increasing interest particularly since the 1990's. Nevertheless, there are still unresolved problems that adversely affect its cultivation and prevent the maximum benefit being obtained from its production. The principal problems are associated with reproduction, low rates of growth in juveniles and high susceptibility to diseases, as well as high rates of mortality related to metamorphosis. Knowing the position of genes of interest in the chromosomes facilitates the construction of linkage maps and allows the chromosomes to be assigned to physical maps obtained by sequencing. This study is an initial approach to the production of a chromosome map of Solea senegalensis. The starting point for this objective is a gene library of cloned inserts in vectors capable of hosting fragments of large size: in our case, artificial chromosomes of bacteria (BAC). We have developed a protocol of single and double FISH techniques for localizing individual BAC, and have also performed double FISH for localizing two markers at the same time. Our results show the localization of BAC clones that contain genes related to the innate immune system that are important for the cultivation of this species, and genes and receptors of thyroid hormones involved in the metamorphosis of the sole. All the combinations of these genes have been analyzed by double FISH techniques to determine whether they co-localize, and also with those of gene families. Thus the first chromosome map of S. senegalensis has been obtained.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; El lenguado senegal&eacute;s es una de las especies m&aacute;s valoradas comerciales en el sur de Europa, despertando un inter&eacute;s creciente sobre todo desde la d&eacute;cada de 1990. Sin embargo, todav&iacute;a hay problemas sin resolver que afectan negativamente a su cultivo y a prevenir al m&aacute;ximo el beneficio que se obtiene a partir de su producci&oacute;n. Los principales problemas est&aacute;n relacionados con la reproducci&oacute;n, las bajas tasas de crecimiento en juveniles y alta susceptibilidad a las enfermedades, as&iacute; como las altas tasas de mortalidad relacionadas con la metamorfosis. El Conocimiento de la posici&oacute;n de los genes de inter&eacute;s en los cromosomas facilita la construcci&oacute;n de mapas de ligamiento y permite ser asignados los cromosomas a los mapas f&iacute;sicos obtenidos por secuenciaci&oacute;n. Este estudio es una primera aproximaci&oacute;n a la producci&oacute;n de un mapa cromos&oacute;mico de Solea senegalensis. </p

Desarrollo de un nuevo concepto de vehículo eléctrico y de todos los recursos necesarios para la correcta comunicación de una serie de valores que incentiven su compra

Se aborda el problema de la existencia de determinados usuarios que tienen una percepción negativa sobre los vehículos eléctricos a pesar de todas las connotaciones positivas que éstos poseen. Por eso, se ha determinado mediante estudios y encuestas si esto es así realmente y se han propuesto una serie de soluciones que ayuden a que esta percepción se mejore

Salinity effects on Senegalese sole Solea senegalensis Kaup larval development: productive parameters and gene expression analysis

The flatfish Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis, Kaup 1858) is a teleost with great interest in aquaculture owing to its high commercial value. Althought it is an euryhaline species, captivity larval rearing is routinely performed at seawater salinity values (35-38 ppt). In this work, we have evaluated low salinity effects on larval development regarding to productive and metabolic parameters. This study has been co-funded by project AQUAGENET (SOE2/P1/ E287) program INTERREG IVB SUDOE, and by project RTA2009-00066-00-00 from the Instituto Nacional de Investigaci&oacute;n y Tecnolog&iacute;a Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA, Spain), and FEDER (EU). www.juntadeandalucia.es/agriculturaypesca/ifapa/aquagenetEl pez plano lenguado senegal&eacute;s (Solea senegalensis, Kaup 1858) es un tele&oacute;steo con gran inter&eacute;s en la acuicultura, debido a su alto valor comercial. Aunque sea una especie eurihalina, la cr&iacute;a larvaria en cautividad se realiza rutinariamente en los valores de salinidad del agua de mar (35-38 ppt). En este trabajo, se han evaluado los efectos de baja salinidad sobre el desarrollo larvario con respecto a los par&aacute;metros productivos y metab&oacute;licos. Este estudio ha sido cofinanciado por el proyecto AQUAGENET (SOE2/P1/ E287) programa INTERREG IVB SUDOE, y por el proyecto RTA2009-00066-00-00 para el Instituto Nacional de Investigaci&oacute;n y Tecnolog&iacute;a Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA, Spain), and FEDER (EU). www.juntadeandalucia.es/agriculturaypesca/ifapa/aquagenet &nbsp;</p